Judaism: It is the religion of the Hebrews who descended from Abraham, peace be upon him, known as the tribes of the Children of Israel, to whom God sent Moses, peace be upon him, as a supporter in the Torah to be their prophet. The Jewish religion seems to be attributed to the Jewish people . These in turn have differed in origin . It may have been attributed to Judah, one of the sons of Jacob, and overshadowed the people by way of overcoming.
Foundation and prominent figures
Moses, peace be upon him: a man from the Children of Israel, born in Egypt during the days of its Pharaoh Ramses II, probably 1301-1234 BC. He was raised in the palace of this Pharaoh after his mother threw him into the river in a coffin when she feared for him from Pharaoh, who was killing the children of Israel . When he broke out, he killed an Egyptian, which prompted him to flee to Median, where he worked as a shepherd for a good Sheikh there. It was said that he was Shuaib, peace be upon him, who married one of his two daughters.
On his way back to Egypt, God revealed the message to him in Sinai, and ordered him to go with his brother Aaron to Pharaoh to call him and for the salvation of the children of Israel, so Pharaoh turned away from them and made them hostile, so Moses went out with the children of Israel, and that was in the year 1213 BC during the reign of Pharaoh Minthath, who succeeded his father Ramses The second, and this Pharaoh followed them, but God drowned him in the sea, and Moses and his people survived.
In the Sinai desert, Moses ascended the mountain to speak to his Lord and to receive the tablets, but when he returned, he found the majority of his people hastily devoured the gold that the Samaritan had made for them, so Moses rebuked them. If they leave it, then they will enter. '' Al-Ma'idah 22, when men of his fellow countrymen discussed this with them, they said to Moses: ((We will never enter it as long as they are in it, so you and your Lord will go and fight, for here they are sitting)) “Al-Ma'idah 24”, here Moses called upon his people: ((Lord said, I am I only have myself and my brother, so separate us from the immoral people.)) “Al-Ma'idah: 25” God was angry with them and left them wandering in the desert forty years during which Moses died and was buried in a red dune without entering Palestine.
His brother Aaron also died and was buried in Mount Hor. Historians mention that those who were with Moses all died in the wilderness, except for two, one of whom was Joshua.
Joshua Bin Noon: He took over the leadership after Moses, and entered the children of Israel through the eastern Jordan to Jericho, and Joshua died in 1130 BC.
The open land was divided between the twelve tribes, who were ruled by priests, and during that a judge named Deborah appeared in them, and this primitive tribal era lasted about a century, according to the estimation of historians.
The last of the judges, Samuel Shaul, became king over them, and he is what the Qur’an calls Taloot, and he is the one who led them in fierce battles against those around them, and David was one of his soldiers, and in one of the battles David defeated Jaloot, the leader of the Philistines, and from here emerged David the Prophet, the leader. David, peace be upon him, became the second king among them, and the king remained in his children genetically, and he took Jerusalem (Jerusalem) as the capital of his king constructing the holy temple, transferring to him the ark, and his rule lasted forty years.
Suleiman bin Dawood, peace be upon them both: He succeeded his father, and his star had risen to the point that he was the son-in-law of the Pharaoh of Egypt, Shishnq and Shebaa came to him, but his king shrank after his death, confined to western Jordan
Rehoboam: Who became king in the year 935 B.C. However, he did not gain the pledge of allegiance to the tribes, so the children of Israel turned from him to his brother Jeroboam, which led to the division of the kingdom into two parts :?
The first: North called Israel, and its capital, Shechem
The second: a southerly named Judah and its capital, Jerusalem
He ruled in each of the two kingdoms, 19 kings, and the king contacted the descendants of Solomon in the Kingdom of Judah, while he was transferred in a number of families in the Kingdom of Israel.
Amos: A prophet who appeared around the year 750 BC, and he is the oldest of the Old Testament prophets whose sayings were mentioned to us in written form, as he lived the days of Jeroboam II 783-743 BC.
In the year 721 BC, the Israeli Jews fell under the control of the Assyrians during the reign of King Marjon II, king of Assyria, and they were removed from history, and the Kingdom of Judah fell under the grip of the Babylonians in the year 586 BC. The first destruction.
Isaiah: He lived in the eighth century BC, and he was an advisor to King Ezekiel, King of Judah, 729-668 BC.
Jeremiah: 650-580 BC He denounced the mistakes of his people, and he predicted the fall of Jerusalem, and called for submission to the kings of Babylon, which made the Jews persecute him and attack him.
Ezekiel: He appeared in the sixth century B.C. He said of the resurrection, the reckoning, and the Messiah, who was taken from the descendants of David to become king over the Jews, and he was during the period of the fall of the Kingdom of Judah, and he was moved to Babylon after the surrender of Jerusalem.
Daniel: Announce the future of the Israeli people, as they were famous for their symbolic dreams and visions, and their people were promised salvation by Christ.
In the year 538 BC, the Persian king Cyrus occupied Babylon, and Cyrus allowed them to return to Palestine, but only a few of them returned.
In the year 320 BC, the rule in Palestine was transferred to Alexander the Great, and after him to the Ptolemies.
The Romans swept Palestine in the year 63 BC. And they captured Jerusalem under Bambius. In the year 20 BC Herod built the Temple of Solomon again, and this temple remained until the year 70 AD when Emperor Titus destroyed the city and burned the temple, and this is the second destruction. Urianus came in the year 135 AD to completely remove the city's landmarks and get rid of the Jews by killing and displacing them. He built a pagan temple (called Jupiter) in place of the holy temple, and this pagan temple continued until the Christians destroyed it during the reign of Emperor Constantine.
In the year 636 AD, the Muslims conquered Palestine and evacuated the Romans from it. Sophronius, the Christian Patriarch, stipulated that none of the Jews lived in the city.
In the year 1897 AD, the new movement of the Jews began under the name of Zionism, to build the state of Israel on the land of Palestine (see the study of Zionism).?
Thoughts and beliefs
Jewish teams
Pharisees: that is, the hardliners, they are called pain Squids or rabbis are monastic Sufis who do not marry, but they maintain their doctrine through adoption, believing in resurrection, angels, and the other world.
Sadducees: It is a name of opposites because they are famous for denial. They deny resurrection, arithmetic, heaven and hell, and deny the Talmud, just as they deny the angels and the Messiah.
Fanatics: Their ideology is close to that of the Pharisees, but they were characterized by intolerance and aggression. At the beginning of the first century AD they carried out a revolution in which they killed the Romans, as well as all of the Jews who cooperated with these Romans, so he called them the slaves.
Scribes or scribes: They knew the law through their work in copying and writing, so they took preaching as a function for them, called the wise men, and the masters, and one of them was called a father, and they enriched the great wealth at the expense of their schools and their disciples.
Reciters: They are a minority of Jews who appeared after the Pharisees and inherited their followers. They only recognize the Old Testament and do not submit to the Talmud or recognize it on the pretext of their freedom to explain the Torah. The Samaritans: A group of converts who entered Judaism from other than the children of Israel. They lived in the mountains of Jerusalem. They confirmed the prophethood of Moses, Aaron, and Joshua bin Nun, without a prophecy. After them. A man appeared in them, called the Two Thousand, who claimed prophethood, and that was a hundred years before Christ, and they were divided into Dostanian, which is the Millennium, and to Kostaniyya, meaning the Sufi community. And the kiss of Samer ... to a mountain called Griezem between Jerusalem and Nablus, and their language is different from the Hebrew language of the Jews.
Saba'i: They are the followers of Abdullah bin Saba, who entered Islam to destroy it from within. He is the one who transferred the revolution against Uthman from words to action, igniting sedition, and he is the one who insinuated the hadiths established to support his opinion.
Their books
The Old Testament: It is sacred to the Jews and Christians, as it contains poetry, prose, wisdom, proverbs, stories, myths, philosophy, legislation, spin and lamentation ... and it is divided into two parts:
First: The Torah: It contains five books: Genesis or Creation, Exodus, Leviticus, News, Numbers, Deuteronomy, and it is called the Books of Moses.
The second: The Books of the Prophets: There are two types :?
A) The books of the previous prophets: Joshua, Joshua bin Nun, Judges, the first Samuel, the second Samuel, the first Kings, the second Kings.
B) The books of the later prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.
There are writings, namely
The first: the great writings: Psalms, Zabur, Proverbs, Proverbs of Solomon, Job
Second: The Five Journals: Song of Solomon, Rauth, Hypocrite, Jeremiah's Hypocrite, the University, Esther
Third: Books: Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, First Chronicles, Second Chronicles
These aforementioned travels are recognized by the Jews, as well as by the Protestants.
As for the Catholic Church, it adds seven more: Tobit, Judith of Wisdom, Jesus son of Sirach, Baruch, the first Maccabees, and the second Maccabees. It also makes the Books of Kings four, the first and the second, instead of the first and second Samuel.
Esther and Judith: Each of them is a myth that tells the story of a woman under a ruler who is not the children of Israel, who uses her beauty and charm in order to lift the oppression of the Jews, as well as provide services to them
The Talmud: It is an oral narration transmitted by the rabbis until Rabbi Yudas compiled it in the year 150 CE in a book called the Mishna, meaning the law repeated for it in the Torah of Moses, as clarification and interpretation. Rababi Judah completed in the year 216 CE the transcription of additions and oral narratives. This Mishnah has been explained in a book called Jamara, and from the Mishnah and Jamara the Talmud is formed, and the Talmud among the Jews occupies a very important position over the status of the Torah.
Their feasts
Easter Day: It is the feast of the Exodus of the Children of Israel from Egypt, starting from the evening of April 14th and ending on the evening of the 21st of it, and the food will be unleavened bread.
The Day of Atonement: In the tenth month of the Jewish year, a person is cut off for nine days during which he worships and fasts, which are called the days of repentance, and on the tenth day, which is the Day of Atonement, the Jew does not eat or drink, and he spends his time in worship where he believes that he is forgiven for all his sins and prepares for it in which there is no general reception new .
Visiting Jerusalem: It is mandatory for every Jew to mention Rashid to visit the Holy House twice a year.
The new crescent: They celebrated the birth of each new crescent, as trumpets blew in the Holy House and lit fires to rejoice in it.
The Sabbath: It is not permissible for them to work on this day because it is the day when the Lord rested, as they believe. The Jews were unanimously agreed that when God Almighty had finished creating the heavens and the earth, He settled on His throne, lying on his back, laying one foot on the other - God Almighty, what they say is a great deal.
The god
The Jews are monotheists, and this is the origin.?
They were heading to pluralism, anthropomorphism and utilitarianism, which led to the multiplicity of prophets among them, to respond to the avenue of monotheism whenever they struck a deviation in the concept of divinity.
They took the calf as its idol shortly after their exodus from Egypt, and the Old Testament narrates that Moses made a copper snake for them and that the children of Israel worshiped it after that, and the snake is sacred to them because it represents wisdom and cunning.
Their God is His Highness, Jehovah, and he is not an infallible God, but he makes mistakes, revolts, and falls into remorse while he orders theft, and he is cruel, fanatical, destructive of his people, he is the God of the Children of Israel only and he is thus an enemy of others, and they claim that he is walking in front of a group of the Children of Israel in a pillar of clouds
Ezra was the one who created the Torah of Moses after it was lost. Because of that and because of his rebuilding the Temple, he was called Ezra, the Son of God, and he is the one referred to by the Holy Quran.
Other thoughts and beliefs
They believe that the sacrifice of the son of Abraham is Isaac, the child of Sarah. The correct view is that it is Ismail.
There was nothing in their religion about resurrection, eternity, reward and punishment except for references to bThe argument is that these matters are far from the structure of materialistic Jewish thought.
Reward and punishment are only fulfilled in this world, so the reward is victory and support, and punishment is loss, humiliation and enslavement.
The ark: It was a box in which they kept their most valuable wealth, charters, and sacred books.
Altar: a place designated for burning incense, to be placed in front of the veil in front of the ark.
The Temple: It is the building that David commanded and built by Solomon. Inside it was the sanctuary (meaning the Holy of Holies) and he also prepared a place inside it for the ark of the covenant of the Lord to be placed. Fortune-telling: It is concerned with the sons of Levi (one of the sons of Jacob).
Offerings: They included human victims as well as animals and fruits. Then God satisfied a part of the human being, which is deducted from him in the process of circumcision that the Jews adhere to to this day in addition to the fruits and animals besides that.
They believe that they are the chosen people of God, and that the souls of the Jews are part of God.
It is permissible for a non-Jew to cheat, steal, and lend him with obscene usury and false testimony against him, and not to take an oath before him, because non-Jews in their faith are like dogs, pigs, and cattle, but the Jews approach God by doing that without the Jew.
The Talmud says on the authority of Christ: Jesus of Nazareth is present in the abysses of hell between pitch and fire, and that his mother Mary brought him from al-Askari Pandara through sin, and that the Christian churches are the shrine of filth, and their preachers are like barking dogs.
Because of the conditions of persecution, the idea of the Messiah arose as a kind of catharsis and a search for hope and hope.
They say that Jacob wrestled with the Lord, and that Lot drank wine and committed adultery with his two daughters after escaping to Mt.Soar, and that David is ugly in the eyes of the Lord.
The Torah of Moses was lost after the destruction of the temple in the days of Takhassan, when it was written again in the days of Artaxerta, the king of Persia, and it was distorted from its origin. God Almighty says: ((They distort words from their places and forget a fortune from what they mentioned)). ?
Their religion is their own, closed to the Jewish people.
The eldest child who is the first to inherit and has the fortune of two of his siblings, and there is no difference between the child born through legal or illegal marriage in inheritance.
After marriage, the mirror is considered the property of her husband, and her money belongs to him, but due to many disputes, it was decided after that that the wife owns the money and the husband owns the benefit.
Whoever attained the age of twenty and did not marry has deserved the curse, and polygamy is legally permissible without limit, as the rabbis defined it as four wives, while the readers released it.
Intellectual and ideological roots
Calf worship is taken from the ancient Egyptians, who were there before the Exodus, and ancient Egyptian thought is a major source of travel in the Old Testament.
The most important source on which the books of the Old Testament relied is the legislation of Hammurabi, which dates back to about the year 1900 BC. This legislation was discovered in the year 1902 BC engraved on a black column of rock and it is the oldest Semitic legislation known to date.
The Talmud says of reincarnation, an idea that leaked to Babylon from India, and the rabbis of Babylon transmitted it to the Jewish thought.
They were affected by the Christian thought, so you see them say: “O our father, cause us to return to your law, bring us closer, O our king, to your worship, and promise us to sincere repentance in your presence.
In some of their stages they worshiped the gods of the Blaim and the Astartes, the gods of Aram, the gods of Sidom, the gods of Moab, and the gods of the Philistines (Judgment Book 10/60). ?
Prevalence and positions of influence
The Hebrews originally lived - during the era of their father Israel - in the Jordan and Palestine region, then the children of Israel moved to Egypt and then they moved to Palestine to establish a Jewish community there, but due to their isolation, arrogance, racism and conspiracy, they were persecuted and displaced, so they dispersed in the countries of the world, some of them arrived in Europe and Russia And the Balkans, the Americas and Spain, while some of them headed to the interior of the Arabian Peninsula, from which they were abandoned with the dawn of Islam, and some of them lived in Africa and Asia.
Since the end of the last century AD, they are still gathering their scattered items in the land of Palestine, incited by them and encouraged by Zionism and the Crusaders. There is no doubt that the present Jews - who number about fifteen million - are not related to the ancient Israeli Hebrews descended from Abraham, peace be upon him, as they are currently mixtures of the Jewish peoples of the earth who are driven by colonial motives. As for those who truly return to Israeli origins, today - and in Israel in particular - are lower-class Jews. It appeared to many researchers in the matter of the Torah, by noting the languages and methods, and the topics, rulings and projects they contain, that they were written in different eras and with different pens, and in this God Almighty says about them: ((Woe to those who write the book with their hands and then say this from God to buy Woe to them for what their hands have written, and woe to them for what they earn)) Surat Al-Baqarah, Verse 79.
Modern criticism has also been able to prove the contradiction of the texts of the Torah and the Gospel with many contemporary scientific facts, while the esoteric criticism of it considered it a dissonant group - as Maurice Bockay says, and this is sufficient for those who want to make sure that the Torah cannot be based on its data because of the contradictions and subtle stories that it saw, but poetry Also doubtful.
It is clear from the above
Judaism is the religion of the Hebrews who descended from Abraham, peace be upon him, and are known as the tribes of the children of Israel, "Jacob, peace be upon him." And God Almighty sent Moses to them, peace be upon him, to support them in the Torah, to be their prophet. And the Jews are divided into groups: the Pharisees, and they believe in the resurrection, the angels, and the other world. Sadducees and they deny the Talmud, the angels and the Messiah H. Fanatics are aggressive. The scribes or scribes have known Sharia through their work in writing, and they have influenced the expense of their schools and scholars. And the reciters and they only recognize the Old Testament and do not submit to the Talmud. And the Samaritans, who are a group of converts other than the children of Israel. The Sabeans are followers of Abdullah bin Saba, who entered Islam and destroyed it from within.
And their books are the Old Testament and it includes poetry, prose, wisdom, proverbs, stories, myths, philosophy, legislation, spinning and lamentations, and it is divided into the Torah and the books of the prophets of both types. There is the Talmud, which are oral narratives that were collected in a book called the Mishna, meaning the repeated Sharia, and the Mishna was explained in a book called Jamara.
The Jews were originally monotheists, but they tended to be pluralistic, anthropomorphic and utilitarian, so their prophets increased, and they worshiped the calf and sanctified the snake. It has been confirmed that the Torah was written in different eras and with different pens, and therefore many of its texts contradict contemporary scientific facts, as well as each other.
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