Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ /; née Joan Ruth Bader; March 15, 1933 - September 18, 2020), also known by her initials RBG, was an American jurist who served as an associate judge of the United States Supreme Court from 1993 until 'upon her death in 2020. She was appointed by President Bill Clinton and was generally considered to belong to the liberal wing of the Court. Ginsburg was the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States, after Sandra Day O'Connor. During his tenure on the Court, Ginsburg wrote notable majority opinions, most notably United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999) and Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000).
After Mr. O'Connor's retirement in 2006 and until Sonia Sotomayor joined the Court in 2009, she was the only female Supreme Court justice. During this period, Ms. Ginsburg became more persuasive with her dissent, which was noted by legal observers and in popular culture.
Ginsburg was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. Her older sister died when she was a baby, and her mother died shortly before Ginsburg graduated from high school. She went on to graduate from Cornell University and became the wife and mother of Martin D. Ginsburg before entering law school at Harvard, where she was one of the few women in her class. Ginsburg transferred to Columbia Law School, where she graduated tied for the top of her class. After law school, Ginsburg entered college. She was a professor at Rutgers Law School and Columbia Law School, teaching civil procedure as one of the few women in her field.
Ginsburg has spent much of her legal career defending gender equality and women's rights, winning numerous Supreme Court cases. She was a volunteer lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union and was a member of its board of directors and one of its general advisers in the 1970s. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the Court of Appeal of the United States for the District of Columbia Circuit, where she sits until her appointment to the Supreme Court. Ginsburg was noted in American popular culture for her fiery liberal dissent and refusal to step down, leading to her being dubbed "The Notorious R.B.G.," a play named after rapper The Notorious B.I.G. [
Ginsburg died at her home in Washington, D.C. on September 18, 2020, of complications from metastatic pancreatic cancer, aged 87.
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