Between science and theater .. How did "Mustafa Flux" embody the life of El Minyaweya in a comic way?

 

It seems that today we do not find anyone who doubts the importance of the ecological issues of the earth. . There is a "breach" in the ozone layer and all kinds of pollution, including immunological, nuclear, water, noise and food. On the one hand, the demise of forests and desert encroachment on the other. However, the great concern of the inhabitants of the earth is the problem of "acid rain", which an environmental scientist described as a slow-moving disaster that persistently destroys plants, lakes, rivers and the good they contain, as well as causing corrosion processes in stone and mineral installations. Because of the seriousness of this problem, West Germany has estimated losses - within one year - about 600 million dollars as a result of the destruction of agricultural crops due to acid rain. There are many other studies that show the bad effects of acid rain ... which was published by "Jamie James" in the scientific journal "Discovery" under the title "Who can prevent acid rain?"

As it was found in the clear Moss Lake, located west of the Adirondack Mountains, surrounded by tall trees extending along its shores, giving it a quiet beauty, that not a single trout declared itself, nor a frog draining on its shores, as it was in the past, while it was a few years ago. Rich in fish and frogs, it was abandoned by ducks and the sniper bird that dives in it has disappeared in search of fish. All this because of acid rain. British chemist Robert Smith wrote a 600-page report - for the first time - in 1872 in which he referred to the acidity of the acid rain that fell in 1872 on Manchester, and attributed the reason to smoke rising from factory chimneys. Whereas the Swedish scientist Svanet Odin noticed in 1967 that acid rain in Sweden was acidic, its acidity increased with the passage of time, and he called it "man's chemical war in nature." Later on, current studies showed that the main reason for the formation of acid rain was due to production plants. Electricity and huge industrial centers, which are spread in many countries that burn huge quantities of fuel and are pushed into the air daily with increasing quantities of gases such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen oxides.

Acid rain Acid rain consists of the reaction of sulfur-containing gases. The most important one is sulfur dioxide with oxygen in the presence of ultraviolet rays from the sun, and sulfur trioxide is produced, which then combines with water vapor in the atmosphere, to give sulfuric acid. Which remains suspended in the air in the form of a fine mist that is transported by the wind from one place to another, and it may combine with some gases in the air such as ammonia, and in this case a new compound is produced, which is ammonia sulfate, but when the air is dry, and there is no opportunity for rain, the acid spray Sulfur and ammonia sulfate minutes remain suspended in the still air, and they appear in the form of a slight fog, especially when conditions are suitable for rain, they dissolve in rain water, and fall on the surface of the earth in the form of acid rain, this and nitrogen oxides participate with sulfur oxides in the formation of acid rain Where nitrogen oxides are converted in the presence of oxygen and ultraviolet rays to nitrogen acid. This acid remains suspended in still air, and it goes down with rainwater, like sulfuric acid, forming acid rain. it is impreative to make the following two notes in this regard. The first observation: Polluting gases are transported by air currents. Studies in Scandinavia confirm that the amount of sulfur gases is 2.0 times higher than that released by its factories, and at the same time, the amount of sulfur gases in the airspace of some countries of Western Europe, especially the United Kingdom, does not exceed 10-20% . This means that these polluting gases are transported by air currents from Western Europe to Scandinavia and England. The second observation: Rain increases with time, as it was mentioned in the book "Pollution is the problem of the age". Studies indicate that the acidity of rain that fell over Sweden in 1982 was ten times higher than the acidity of rain that fell in 1969, as experts noticed that the acidity of rainwater increased Alarmingly, as for the pH of rain in Britain, it reached 4.5 in 1979, and in the same year in Canada it reached 3.8 and in Virginia to 1.5, where the pH of Virgenia rain was close to the pH of sulfur acid (battery acid), and in Scotland, it reached 7. 2 in 1977, and arrived in Los Angeles to 3 in 1980. That is, more acidic than vinegar and lemon juice, and the geographical distribution of rain is not limited to industrialized countries, as clouds can travel far from sources of industrial pollution, so acid rain falls on areas that are not It has to do with the source of pollution. It must be noted that the pH of pure rain water is between 5.5 - 6, meaning it tends to be slightly acidic, and no negative effect of this percentage has been recorded. It occurred over millions of years, and rainwater can be considered pure within this degree and is not harmful to the environment according to the available information.

The disruptive effects of acid rain on the environment The effect of acid rain in lakes or oceans:

Acid rain affected the environment of the lakes, studies showed that 15,000 lakes out of the 18 losses were affected by acid rain, as many of the living creatures that lived in these lakes died, especially fish and frogs. There is a question here: Where does the danger of acid rain on the lakes come from? It was found that the increase in acidity of the water is due to the transfer of sulfur and nitric acid to it with the waters of torrents and rivers after the acid rain. In addition to that, acid rain sweeps with it various metallic elements, some in the form of compounds of mercury, lead, copper and aluminum, killing the living in the lakes, and it is worth mentioning that the pH of the natural lake water is between 5-6, so if I say about the number 5, environmental problems arise, and as if Lake water dissolves some alkaline base compounds present in the bottom rocks or transported to them With the water of rivers and torrents, bicarbonate ions and other electrolytes are released that modifies the acidity of the water, preventing the decrease in the pH, and the water content of the modifying ions is expressed as the "acid modification capacity", so if the acid-modifying capacity is large, the effect of the lake is really with acidity ... In the acidity of rainwater, the ability of the acid-modifying capacity of some lakes was substandard, and its acidity increased, especially the lakes located in industrial areas in the United States of America and Europe, and the statistics indicate that the number of lakes whose acidity was less than 5 degrees in America in half The first of this century was only 8 lakes. There are now 109 lakes, as I counted in the Ontario region of Canada, more than two thousand lakes have acidity of less than 5 degrees, and in Sweden more than 20% of the lakes suffer from high acidity, and thus environmental imbalance and disturbance of life.

The effect of acid rain in forests and plants:

The destruction of forests has an impact on the ecosystem. It is noticeable that forest production accounts for about 15% of the total production of organic matter on the surface of the earth, and it is sufficient to remember that the amount of wood used by humans in the world exceeds 2.4 billion tons per year, and poplar forests Cultivated in one km2, it releases 1300 tons of oxygen, and absorbs about 1640 tons of carbon dioxide during a single growing season .. Acid rain also affects economic plants with seasonal crops and in coniferous forests, as it strips trees of their leaves, and causes an imbalance in the ionic balance in Soil, thus causing uptake to disturb the roots, and the result leads to a great loss in crops, for example: the percentage of damage to leaves was noticeably due to its forestation of 34%, a cloud of clouds predicting the occurrence of the disaster in Germany in the seventies and increased to 50% in 1985.

 

In Sweden, damage reached 30% in its forests, and reports indicate that 14% of all European forest lands have been damaged as a result of acid rain. In addition to the fact that most forests in the eastern United States of America are affected by acid rain, to the extent that this case was given the name Waldachterin, which means the death of the forest, noting that the trees most affected by acid rain are conifers in high altitudes .. due to the fall of their leaves prematurely, which loses its quality. Thus, it leads to economic loss in forest destruction and degradation

The effect of acid rain on soil:

Reports show that soils in European regions are being affected by acidity, which leads to severe damage from a decrease in the activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, for example. The rate of decomposition of the organic tool decreased, which led to a thickening of the layer of plant residues to the extent that it impeded the penetration of water into the soil and the inability of the seeds to germinate. These effects led to a decrease in the productivity of forests.

 

The effect of acid rain on animals:

The safety of each component of the ecosystem depends on the safety of the other components. Factory smoke is the main reason. For example, if plants are affected by acid rain, it deprives rodents of food and shelter, and leads to their death or migration, just as carnivorous animals that feed on rodents die or migrate as well, and so on. The direct effect of acid rain is observed in animals. The death of crustaceans and small fish has also been observed in acidified lakes, due to the formation of toxic compounds due to the influence of acids (acid rain), which are included in the tissue of plants and plankton - phytoplankton - (single-celled floating plants) .. And when eaten by crustaceans and young fish, the toxic compounds are concentrated in their tissues in a proportion Larger. Thus, toxic substances are concentrated in secondary and tertiary consumers until they become fatal in the food chain .. It must be pointed out that the ecosystem is not straightened if there is a defect in its productive, consuming or disjointed components, and as a result the death of forests leads to the death of many small animals and the migration of large ones. .. And so on.

 

The effect of acid rain on humans:

Smog forms in large cities, and it contains acids, as it remains suspended in the air for several days, and that is when the pollutants resulting from transportation are exposed to the massive ultraviolet rays coming from the sun, and chemical reactions occur between their components, which lead to the formation of smog What hangs over cities, especially in the early morning hours, and the most dangerous thing is nitrogen dioxide gas, because it forms the key that enters the chain of photochemical reactions that result in smog and thus we are in front of many compounds that have harmful effects on humans as they cause congestion of mucous membranes Irritation, coughing, suffocation, tissue damage and decreased photosynthesis rate in green plants. All this results from the occurrence of the thermal inversion phenomenon, as happened in London in 1952 when smog descended for three days, and 4,000 people died from it, as well as what happened in Ankara and Athens. In addition to the impact of acid rain on industrial facilities, buildings of historical value, and statues, as their restoration costs large sums of per capita income or national income, and the simplest example of that is "the crushing of some stones in the famous Tower of London and Westminster Abbey", not to mention the interaction of nitrogenous acid with many From minerals in industrial facilities and their sabotage.

 

Remedy the problem:

Given the seriousness of the acid rain phenomenon and the disruptive effects that result from it on all levels, researchers suggested two treatments. The first: an expensive and repetitive treatment, due to the frequent fall of acid rain, and this method is to neutralize rivers, acidic lakes, and agricultural lands with alkaline substances. The second: a permanent treatment, which is to clean up the pollutants before they spread into the atmosphere. Therefore, the view of the environment should not be an abstract one, like views on many other political and economic issues Rhyme at the level of peoples and states. What is required for this is to create an advanced system for environmental monitoring, as an integrated system for environmental monitoring is necessary to see and follow up the background and activity of collecting pollutant elements in the natural environment, as a result of technological progress.

 

Accordingly, it is necessary to make room for a fully developed technology that is compatible with nature and its durability, and the necessity to include the economic viability of ecological processes, and most importantly, human awareness, comprehensive environmental awareness and laying down practical foundations for the exploitation of plant and animal resources, and setting accurate plans to protect the planet from all sources of chemical pollution. And thermal and nuclear systems, reducing fuel consumption in transportation, and finding alternative means that do not leave negative effects on the environment.